mTOR signaling pathway
A core pathway that senses nutrient, growth factor, energy, and stress signals, divided into two functional complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 is composed of mTOR, raptor, and mLST8, regulated by nutrients (amino acids) and growth factors (insulin), promoting protein synthesis by phosphorylating 4E-BP1 and S6K1, while inhibiting autophagy; mTORC2 is composed of mTOR, rictor, and mLST8, participating in the phosphorylation and activation of Akt, regulating cell survival and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Its core function is to coordinate cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Abnormal activation of the pathway is common in various tumors (e.g., colorectal cancer, breast cancer), diabetes, and obesity. Rapamycin and its derivatives are classic mTOR inhibitors, used in tumor treatment and organ transplant immunosuppression.
Core function: Sense nutrient and growth signals to regulate cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and autophagy, serving as a core pathway for cellular homeostasis. Key regulatory molecules: mTORC1/2, PI3K, Akt, AMPK, Rheb, 4E-BP1, S6K1.
Core function: Sense nutrient and growth signals to regulate cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and autophagy, serving as a core pathway for cellular homeostasis. Key regulatory molecules: mTORC1/2, PI3K, Akt, AMPK, Rheb, 4E-BP1, S6K1.
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